The US Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market & Technologies - 2022-2030 – With Corona & COP26 Impacts

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Contents

1         The Report Key Assumptions…………………………………. 40

2         Executive Summary………………………………………………. 41

2.1        Key Findings…………………………………………………… 41

2.2        Key Conclusions………………………………………………. 54

2.3        USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Segmentation Vectors………………………………………………………….. 64

2.4        USA Climate Change Mitigation Market – 2022-2030.. 65

2.4.1            USA Market by Technology – 2022-2030…………. 65

2.4.2            USA Market by Sector – 2022-2030………………… 67

2.4.3            USA Market by Revenue Source – 2022-2030….. 68

2.4.4            USA Market by Region – 2022-2030……………….. 68

2.4.5            USA Market by Country – 2022-2030………………. 70

3         COP26 & COVID-19 Implications……………………………… 71

3.1        COP26 Takeaway……………………………………………. 71

3.2        COVID-19 Implications………………………………………. 72

4         The Industry Value Chain……………………………………….. 74

5         Business Opportunities…………………………………………. 75

6         Market Drivers………………………………………………………. 86

7         Market Inhibitors…………………………………………………… 87

8         SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………….. 88

8.1        Strengths……………………………………………………….. 88

8.2        Weaknesses…………………………………………………… 89

8.3        Opportunities…………………………………………………… 90

8.4        Threats………………………………………………………….. 91

TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCT & SERVICE MARKETS…………….. 93

9         USA Climate Change Mitigation Technologies, Products & Services Markets – 2020-2030………………………………. 93

9.1        Technology, Products & Services Markets Size………. 93

9.2        Technology Products & Services Markets Dynamics… 94

9.3        Technology Products & Services Markets Share……… 96

10      Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market – 2022-2030……………. 98

10.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………….. 98

10.1.1          Summary………………………………………………….. 98

10.1.2          Heat Pump Technologies……………………………. 104

10.1.3          Heat Pump Cost Performance……………………… 105

10.1.4          Legislation……………………………………………….. 106

10.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 106

10.3     USA Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market – 2020-2030.. 107

10.3.1          Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size……………. 107

10.3.2          Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Dynamics…….. 107

10.3.3          Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Share………….. 107

11      Big Data & AI Market – 2022-2030…………………………… 108

11.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 108

11.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 108

11.1.2          Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the USA Warming Mitigation Industry………………………… 111

11.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 111

11.3     USA Big Data & AI Market – 2020-2030………………. 112

11.3.1          Big Data & AI Market Size…………………………… 112

11.3.2          Big Data & AI Market Dynamics……………………. 113

11.3.3          Big Data & AI Market Share…………………………. 113

12      Bioenergy Market – 2022-2030………………………………. 114

12.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 114

12.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 114

12.1.2          Bioenergy for Electricity Generation………………. 117

12.1.3          Bioenergy in Industry…………………………………. 117

12.1.4          Thermo-Chemical Process………………………….. 118

12.1.5          Bio-Chemical Process………………………………… 119

12.1.6          Bioenergy Conversion Technologies……………… 120

12.1.7          USA Bioenergy Market……………………………….. 121

12.1.8          USA Bio-Heating Market…………………………….. 121

12.1.9          Biomass Heating For Buildings…………………….. 122

12.1.10       USA Bio-Power Markets……………………………… 123

12.1.11       The USA Solid Biomass Industry………………….. 124

12.1.12       The USA Liquid Biofuels Industry………………….. 125

12.1.13       The USA Gaseous Biomass Industry…………….. 125

12.1.14       USA Bioenergy CCS & CCU………………………… 125

12.1.15       Thermal Conversions…………………………………. 127

12.1.16       Chemical Conversion…………………………………. 127

12.1.17       Biochemical Conversion……………………………… 127

12.1.18       Electrochemical Conversions……………………….. 128

12.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 128

12.3     USA Bioenergy Market – 2020-2030…………………… 129

12.3.1          Bioenergy Market Size……………………………….. 129

12.3.2          Bioenergy Market Dynamics………………………… 129

12.3.3          Bioenergy Market Share……………………………… 129

13      Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………… 130

13.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 130

13.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 130

13.1.2          Kelp Farms Products…………………………………. 132

13.1.3          Biological Carbon Sequestration…………………… 132

13.1.4          Microalgae Carbon Biological Capture & Utilization……………………………………………………………… 132

13.1.5          Oceans Carbon Sequestration……………………… 133

13.1.6          Soil Carbon Sequestration…………………………… 133

13.1.7          Forests Carbon Sequestration……………………… 133

13.1.8          Grasslands Carbon Sequestration………………… 134

13.1.9          Impacts of Carbon Sequestration………………….. 134

13.2     USA Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market – 2020-2030………………………………………………….. 134

13.2.1          Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size……………………………………………………….. 134

13.2.2          Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 135

13.2.3          Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Share……………………………………………………… 135

14      Bioremediation Market – 2022-2030……………………….. 136

14.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 136

14.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 136

14.1.2          Bioremediation Cleanup Strategy………………….. 140

14.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 143

14.3     USA Bioremediation Market – 2020-2030…………….. 145

14.3.1          Bioremediation Market Size…………………………. 145

14.3.2          Bioremediation Market Dynamics………………….. 145

14.3.3          Bioremediation Market Share………………………. 145

15      Carbon Capture & Storage Market – 2022-2030………… 146

15.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 146

15.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 146

15.1.2          Geological Carbon Sequestration…………………. 148

15.1.3          Technological Carbon Sequestration……………… 148

15.1.4          Graphene Production…………………………………. 148

15.1.5          Direct Air Capture (DAC)…………………………….. 148

15.1.6          Engineered Molecules………………………………… 148

15.1.7          CCS, DOE Investments………………………………. 149

15.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 150

15.3     USA Carbon Capture & Storage Market – 2020-2030 151

15.3.1          Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size…………. 151

15.3.2          Carbon Capture & Storage Market Dynamics….. 151

15.3.3          Carbon Capture & Storage Market Share……….. 152

16      Carbon Capture & Utilization Market – 2022-2030…….. 153

16.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 153

16.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 153

16.1.2          CCU Proliferation………………………………………. 155

16.1.3          Carbon Capture and Utilization Applications……. 156

16.1.4          Algae Cultivation……………………………………….. 157

16.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 159

16.3     USA Carbon Capture & Utilization Market – 2020-2030                                                                               160

16.3.1          Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size……….. 160

16.3.2          Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Dynamics… 160

16.3.3          Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Share…….. 160

17      Climate Adapted Agriculture Market – 2022-2030……… 161

17.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 161

17.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 161

17.2     Agriculture GHG Emission………………………………… 165

17.3     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 167

18.1     USA Climate Adapted Agriculture Market – 2020-2030                                                                               168

18.1.1          Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size……….. 168

18.1.2          Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Dynamics… 168

18.1.3          Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Share……… 168

19      Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market – 2022-2030 169

19.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 169

19.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 169

19.1.2          Digital Technologies…………………………………… 177

19.1.3          Water Management Strategy……………………….. 178

19.1.4          Agriculture Water Management……………………. 182

19.1.5          Urban Water Management………………………….. 183

19.1.6          Urban Decision Support System…………………… 184

19.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 184

19.3     USA Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market – 2020-2030…………………………………………………….. 186

19.3.1          Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size……………………………………………………………… 186

19.3.2          Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 186

19.3.3          Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Share……………………………………………………………… 187

20      Compressed-Air Storage Market – 2022-2030………….. 189

20.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 189

20.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 189

20.1.2          Adiabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage……… 191

20.1.3          Diabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage………. 191

20.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 192

20.3     USA Compressed-Air Storage Market – 2020-2030.. 192

20.3.1          Compressed-Air Storage Market Size……………. 192

20.3.2          Compressed-Air Storage Market Dynamics…….. 193

20.3.3          Compressed-Air Storage Market Share………….. 193

21      Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market – 2022-2030. 194

21.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 194

21.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 194

21.1.2          CSP Projects……………………………………………. 196

21.1.3          CSP vs. Solar PV……………………………………… 197

21.2     CSP Key Vendors…………………………………………… 197

21.3     USA Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 198

21.3.1          Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size… 198

21.3.2          Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Dynamics……………………………………………………………… 199

21.3.3          Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Share. 199

22      Cybersecurity Market – 2022-2030…………………………. 200

22.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 200

22.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 200

22.1.2          Cybersecurity in the USA Warming Mitigation Industry…………………………………………………… 202

22.1.3          Cybercrime in the Electric Power Industry………. 202

22.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 203

22.3     USA Cybersecurity Market – 2020-2030………………. 204

22.3.1          Cybersecurity Market Size…………………………… 204

22.3.2          Cybersecurity Market Dynamics…………………… 204

22.3.3          Cybersecurity Market Share………………………… 204

23      Desalination Plants Market – 2022-2030………………….. 205

23.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 205

23.2     Technologies…………………………………………………. 209

23.2.1          Solar Distillation………………………………………… 210

23.2.2          Natural Evaporation…………………………………… 210

23.2.3          Vacuum Distillation……………………………………. 210

23.2.4          Multi-Stage Flash Distillation……………………….. 210

23.2.5          Multiple-Effect Distillation……………………………. 210

23.2.6          Vapor-Compression Distillation…………………….. 211

23.2.7          Wave-Powered Desalination……………………….. 211

23.2.8          Membrane Distillation………………………………… 211

23.2.9          Reverse Osmosis……………………………………… 211

23.2.10       Forward Osmosis……………………………………… 212

23.2.11       Freeze–Thaw…………………………………………… 212

23.2.12       Electrodialysis Membrane…………………………… 213

23.2.13       Technical Challenges…………………………………. 213

23.3     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 214

23.4     USA Desalination Plants Market – 2020-2030……….. 215

23.4.1          Desalination Plants Market Size…………………… 215

23.4.2          Desalination Plants Market Dynamics……………. 216

23.4.3          Desalination Plants Market Share…………………. 216

24      Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market – 2022-2030 217

24.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 217

24.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 217

24.1.2          Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Applications……………………………………………………………… 218

24.1.3          Geothermal Heat Pumps. Heating and Cooling… 218

24.1.4          Geothermal District Heating…………………………. 219

24.1.5          Geothermal Heating Pump Price Competitiveness……………………………………………………………… 220

24.2     USA Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market – 2020-2030…………………………………………………….. 221

24.2.1          Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size……………………………………………………………… 221

24.2.2          Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 222

24.2.3          Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Share……………………………………………………………… 222

25      Direct Solar Water Heating Market – 2022-2030………… 223

25.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 223

25.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 223

25.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 227

25.3     USA Direct Solar Water Heating Market – 2020-2030 227

25.3.1          Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size…………. 227

25.3.2          Direct Solar Water Heating Market Dynamics….. 228

25.3.3          Direct Solar Water Heating Market Share……….. 228

26      Electric Buses Market – 2022-2030…………………………. 229

26.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 229

26.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 229

26.1.2          E-Bus Economy………………………………………… 231

26.1.3          COVID-19 Effects……………………………………… 233

26.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 233

26.4     USA Electric Buses Market – 2020-2030……………… 234

26.4.1          Electric Buses Market Size………………………….. 234

26.4.2          Electric Buses Market Dynamics…………………… 234

26.4.3          Electric Buses Market Share……………………….. 234

27      Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market – 2022-2030………………………………………………. 235

27.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 235

27.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 235

27.1.2          Example 1. Thermoelectric Effect…………………. 238

27.1.3          Example 2: Reciprocating Compressors…………. 239

27.1.4          Example 3: Energy Efficient HVAC Ducts……….. 240

27.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 241

27.3     USA Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market – 2020-2030……………………………….. 241

27.3.1          Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size…………………………………….. 241

27.3.2          Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Dynamics……………………………… 241

27.3.3          Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Share………………………………….. 242

28      Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………… 243

28.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 243

28.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 243

28.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 247

28.3     USA Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market – 2020-2030………………………………………… 247

28.3.1          Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size……………………………………………… 247

28.3.2          Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Dynamics………………………………………. 248

28.3.3          Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Share……………………………………………. 248

29      EV Charging Systems Market – 2022-2030………………. 249

29.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 249

29.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 249

29.1.2          Light-Duty Vehicle Chargers………………………… 252

29.1.3          Private Home And Workplace Chargers…………. 253

29.1.4          Charging Heavy-Duty Electric Trucks…………….. 254

29.1.5          Mega-High Power Charging Standarts…………… 254

29.1.6          EVs and Energy Storage…………………………….. 255

29.1.7          Wireless Charging…………………………………….. 256

29.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 257

29.3     USA EV Charging Systems Market – 2020-2030…… 257

29.3.1          EV Charging Systems Market Size……………….. 257

29.3.2          EV Charging Systems Market Dynamics………… 258

29.3.3          EV Charging Systems Market Share……………… 258

30      Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………………… 259

30.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 259

30.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 259

30.1.2          Cell Baed Broadcast………………………………….. 263

30.1.3          Location Based Alert SMS…………………………… 265

30.2     USA Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market – 2020-2030………………………………………………….. 267

30.2.1          Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size……………………………………………………….. 267

30.2.2          Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 268

30.2.3          Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Share……………………………………………………… 268

31      Flood Control Market – 2022-2030………………………….. 269

31.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 269

31.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 269

31.1.2          Structural Forms of Mitigation………………………. 272

31.1.3          Nonstructural Measures……………………………… 273

31.1.4          Floodwater Diversion and Storage………………… 273

31.1.5          Floodplain and Stream Restoration……………….. 273

31.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 273

31.3     USA Floods Control Market – 2020-2030…………….. 274

31.3.1          Floods Control Market Size…………………………. 274

31.3.2          Floods Control Market Dynamics………………….. 275

31.3.3          Floods Control Market Share……………………….. 275

32      Freight BEVs Market – 2022-2030…………………………… 276

32.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 276

32.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 276

32.1.2          COVID-19 Effects……………………………………… 277

32.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 278

32.3     USA Freight BEVs Market – 2020-2030………………. 278

32.3.1          Freight BEVs Market Size…………………………… 278

32.3.2          Freight BEVs Market Dynamics……………………. 279

32.3.3          Freight BEVs Market Share…………………………. 279

33      GHG Emission Tracking Market – 2022-2030…………… 280

33.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 280

33.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 280

33.1.2          Methane Emission Tracking Technologies………. 284

33.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 286

33.3     USA GHG Emission Tracking Market – 2020-2030… 286

33.3.1          GHG Emission Tracking Market Size…………….. 286

33.3.2          GHG Emission Tracking Market Dynamics……… 287

33.3.3          GHG Emission Tracking Market Share…………… 287

34      Geothermal Power Generation Market – 2022-2030…… 288

34.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 288

34.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 288

34.1.2          Geothermal Electric Power Generation………….. 290

34.1.3          Geothermal Power Plants LCOE…………………… 291

34.1.4          Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)………….. 291

34.1.5          The 2022-2030 Market Growth Drivers…………… 293

34.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 294

34.3     USA Geothermal Power Generation Market – 2020-2030                                                                               295

34.3.1          Geothermal Power Generation Market Size…….. 295

34.3.2          Geothermal Power Generation Market Dynamics 295

34.3.3          Geothermal Power Generation Market Share….. 296

35      Green Cement Market – 2022-2030…………………………. 297

35.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 297

35.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 297

35.1.2          Cement Decarbonization Options…………………. 301

35.1.3          Cement Negative Emission Technologies……….. 301

35.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 303

35.3     USA Green Cement Market – 2020-2030…………….. 303

35.3.1          Green Cement Market Size…………………………. 303

35.3.2          Green Cement Market Dynamics………………….. 303

35.3.3          Green Cement Market Share……………………….. 304

36      Green Hydrogen Production Market – 2022-2030……… 305

36.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 305

36.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 305

36.1.2          Green Hydrogen……………………………………….. 309

36.1.3          The European Hydrogen  Market………………….. 310

36.1.4          The Asia-Pacific Hydrogen Market………………… 310

36.2     A Net-Zero“Hydrogen Economy” by 2050 Scenario… 311

36.3     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 312

36.4     USA Green Hydrogen Production Market – 2020-2030                                                                               313

36.4.1          Green Hydrogen Production Market Size……….. 313

36.4.2          Green Hydrogen Production Market Dynamics… 313

36.4.3          Green Hydrogen Production Market Share……… 313

37      Green Steel Market – 2022-2030…………………………….. 314

37.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 314

37.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 314

37.1.2          CHG Emissions & Decarbonized (Green) Steel.. 316

37.2     USA Green Steel Market – 2020-2030………………… 317

37.2.1          Green Steel Market Size…………………………….. 317

37.2.2          Green Steel Market Dynamics……………………… 318

37.2.3          Green Steel Market Share…………………………… 318

38      Grid Modernization Market – 2022-2030………………….. 319

38.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 319

38.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 319

38.1.2          Smart Grid………………………………………………. 321

38.1.3          Transmission Lines Modernization………………… 322

38.1.4          Demand Response……………………………………. 323

38.1.5          Hardening the Grid……………………………………. 323

38.1.6          Advanced Distribution Management Systems….. 324

38.1.7          Smart Inverters…………………………………………. 324

38.1.8          Smart Meters……………………………………………. 324

38.1.9          Microgrids……………………………………………….. 324

38.2     USA Grid Modernization Market – 2020-2030……….. 326

38.2.1          Grid Modernization Market Size……………………. 326

38.2.2          Grid Modernization Market Dynamics…………….. 327

38.2.3          Grid Modernization Market Share…………………. 327

39      Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market – 2022-2030……….. 328

39.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 328

39.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 328

39.1.2          The U.S.  Energy Storage Market…………………. 331

39.1.3          Grid-Scale Battery Storage Benefits………………. 331

39.1.4          EVs and Energy Storage…………………………….. 332

39.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 334

39.3     USA Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market – 2020-2030                                                                               334

39.3.1          Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size…………. 334

39.3.2          Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Dynamics….. 335

39.3.3          Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Share……….. 335

40      Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market – 2022-2030……. 336

40.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 336

40.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 336

40.1.2          Facts & Figures………………………………………… 339

40.1.3          Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Technologies….. 339

40.1.4          Variable-Speed Pump-Storage Technology…….. 340

40.1.5          Key Vendors……………………………………………. 340

40.2     USA Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market – 2020-2030                                                                               341

40.2.1          Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size……… 341

40.2.2          Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Dynamics. 342

40.2.3          Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Share……. 342

41      Hydroelectric Power Market – 2022-2030………………… 343

41.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 343

41.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 343

41.1.2          Hydropower LCOE…………………………………….. 346

41.1.3          Hydropower Technology…………………………….. 346

41.1.4          Hydroelectric Power Project Construction Cost… 347

41.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 348

41.3     USA Hydroelectric Power Market – 2020-2030……… 348

41.3.1          Hydroelectric Power Market Size………………….. 348

41.3.2          Hydroelectric Power Market Dynamics…………… 348

41.3.3          Hydroelectric Power Market Share………………… 349

42      Hydrogen Vehicles Market – 2022-2030…………………… 350

42.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 350

42.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 350

42.1.2          Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles………………………. 356

42.1.3          Fuel-cell Buses…………………………………………. 356

42.1.4          Fuel-cell Trams and Trains………………………….. 356

42.1.5          Hydrogen Vehicles Advantages……………………. 357

42.1.6          Hydrogen Vehicles Disadvantages………………… 357

42.1.7          Hydrogen Storage…………………………………….. 357

42.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 358

42.3     USA Hydrogen Vehicles Market – 2020-2030……….. 358

42.3.1          Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size……………………. 358

42.3.2          Hydrogen Vehicles Market Dynamics…………….. 359

42.3.3          Hydrogen Vehicles Market Share………………….. 359

43      Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market – 2022-2030……………. 360

43.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 360

43.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 360

43.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 365

43.3     USA Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market – 2020-2030….. 365

43.3.1          Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size………………. 365

43.3.2          Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Dynamics………. 365

43.3.3          Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Share……………. 366

44      Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market – 2022-2030… 367

44.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 367

44.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 367

44.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 371

44.3     USA Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 371

44.3.1          Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size…… 371

44.3.2          Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Dynamics……………………………………………………………… 371

44.3.3          Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Share…. 371

45      ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market – 2022-2030……… 373

45.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 373

45.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 373

45.1.2          Distributed Energy Resources ICT………………… 374

45.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 374

45.3     USA ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market – 2020-2030                                                                               375

45.3.1          ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size………. 375

45.3.2          ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Dynamics.. 376

45.3.3          ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Share……. 376

46      Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………………… 377

46.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 377

46.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 377

46.2     USA Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market – 2020-2030…………………………………………………….. 383

46.2.1          Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size……………………………………………………………… 383

46.2.2          Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 384

46.2.3          Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Share……………………………………………………… 384

47      Marine Power Systems Market – 2022-2030…………….. 385

47.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 385

47.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 385

47.1.2          Marine Tidal Power technologies………………….. 386

47.1.3          Marine Current Power Generation………………… 387

47.1.4          Marine Osmotic Power Generation……………….. 387

47.1.5          Ocean Thermal Energy………………………………. 388

47.1.6          Marine Wave Power…………………………………… 388

47.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 389

47.3     USA Marine Power Market – 2020-2030………………. 390

47.3.1          Marine Power Market Size………………………….. 390

47.3.2          Marine Power Market Dynamics…………………… 390

47.3.3          Marine Power Market Share………………………… 391

48      Methane Abatement Market – 2022-2030…………………. 392

48.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 392

48.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 392

48.1.2          Methane Sources……………………………………… 394

48.1.3          COP26 Methane Pledge…………………………….. 395

48.1.4          Methane Mitigation……………………………………. 395

48.1.5          GHG Abatement Cost Forcast – 2030…………….. 397

48.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 398

48.3     USA Methane Abatement Market – 2020-2030……… 400

48.3.1          Methane Abatement Market Size………………….. 400

48.3.2          Methane Abatement Market Dynamics…………… 401

48.3.3          Methane Abatement Market Share……………….. 401

49      Nuclear Energy Plants (> 1 GW) Market – 2022-2030…. 402

49.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 402

49.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 402

49.1.2          Facts and Figures……………………………………… 403

49.1.3          Installed Base of Power Reactors – 2021………… 404

49.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 404

49.3     USA Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 405

49.3.1          Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size……. 405

49.3.2          Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Dynamics 405

49.3.3          Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Share….. 406

50      Offshore Wind Power Market – 2022-2030……………….. 407

50.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 407

50.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 407

50.1.2          Floating offshore wind power market……………… 412

50.1.3          The Proliferation of Offshore Wind Power Farms by Geography………………………………………………. 413

50.1.4          Operational Cost……………………………………….. 414

50.1.5          Cost trends……………………………………………… 414

50.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 415

50.3     USA Offshore Wind Power Market – 2020-2030……. 415

50.3.1          Offshore Wind Power Market Size………………… 415

50.3.2          Offshore Wind Power Market Dynamics…………. 416

50.3.3          Offshore Wind Power Market Share………………. 416

51      Onshore Wind Power Market – 2022-2030……………….. 417

51.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 417

51.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 417

51.1.2          Onshore Wind LCOE Outlook………………………. 419

51.1.3          Onshore Wind Power Disadvantages…………….. 419

51.1.4          Key Vendors……………………………………………. 419

51.2     USA Onshore Wind Power Market – 2020-2030……. 421

51.2.1          Onshore Wind Power Market Size………………… 421

51.2.2          Onshore Wind Power Market Dynamics…………. 421

51.2.3          Onshore Wind Power Market Share………………. 422

52      Other BEVs Market – 2022-2030…………………………….. 423

52.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 423

52.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 423

52.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 429

52.3     USA Other BEVs Market – 2020-2030………………… 431

52.3.1          Other BEVs Market Size…………………………….. 431

52.3.2          Other BEVs Market Dynamics……………………… 432

52.3.3          Other BEVs Market Share…………………………… 432

53      Other Energy Storage Modalities Market – 2022-2030.. 433

53.1     USA Other Energy Storage Modalities Market – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 433

53.1.1          Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size….. 433

53.1.2          Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Dynamics……………………………………………………………… 433

53.1.3          Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Share.. 434

54      Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………………… 435

54.1     Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 435

54.1.1          Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Size……………………………………………………………… 435

54.1.2          Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Dynamics………………………………………………… 436

54.1.3          Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Share……………………………………………………… 436

55      Other Renewable Energy Market – 2022-2030………….. 437

55.1     USA Other Renewable Energy Market – 2020-2030.. 437

55.1.1          Other Renewable Energy Market Size……………. 437

55.1.2          Other Renewable Energy Market Dynamics……. 437

55.1.3          Other Renewable Energy Market Share…………. 438

56      Passenger BEV Cars Market – 2022-2030………………… 439

56.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 439

56.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 439

56.1.2          Electric Cars vs. ICE Car Materials……………….. 447

56.1.3          Phasing Out Of Passenger ICE Cars…………….. 448

56.1.4          COVID-19 Effects……………………………………… 448

56.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 449

56.3     USA Passenger BEV Cars Market – 2020-2030…….. 450

56.3.1          Passenger BEV Cars Market Size………………… 450

56.3.2          Passenger BEV Cars Market Dynamics…………. 451

56.3.3          Passenger BEV Cars Market Share………………. 451

57      Passive Green Buildings Market – 2022-2030………….. 452

57.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 452

57.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 452

57.1.2          Buildings GHG Emission & Energy Consumption 455

57.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 456

57.3     USA Passive Green Buildings Market – 2020-2030… 457

57.3.1          Passive Green Buildings Market Size…………….. 457

57.3.2          Passive Green Buildings Market Dynamics…….. 457

57.3.3          Passive Green Buildings Market Share………….. 457

58      Precision Agriculture Market – 2022-2030……………….. 458

58.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 458

58.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 458

58.2     Precision Agriculture Challenges……………………….. 461

58.3     Precision Agriculture Technologies…………………….. 462

58.3.1          Remote Sensing……………………………………….. 463

58.3.2          Genetic Engineering………………………………….. 463

58.3.3          Agricultural Robots……………………………………. 463

58.3.4          Drones……………………………………………………. 463

58.3.5          Vertical Cultivating…………………………………….. 464

58.3.6          Data……………………………………………………….. 464

58.3.7          Connected Water………………………………………. 464

58.3.8          Electric Fish…………………………………………….. 464

58.3.9          Connected Cows………………………………………. 464

58.3.10       Farm Management Systems………………………… 465

58.4     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 465

58.5     USA Precision Agriculture Market – 2020-2030…….. 465

58.5.1          Precision Agriculture Market Size…………………. 465

58.5.2          Precision Agriculture Market Dynamics………….. 465

58.5.3          Precision Agriculture Market Share……………….. 465

59      Precision Irrigation Market – 2022-2030………………….. 467

59.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 467

59.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 467

59.1.2          Drip Irrigation……………………………………………. 467

59.1.3          Variable Rate Irrigation………………………………. 468

59.1.4          GPS Technology………………………………………. 468

59.1.5          Monitoring and Automation………………………….. 469

59.1.6          Challenges & Opportunities…………………………. 469

59.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 470

59.3     USA Precision Irrigation Market – 2020-2030……….. 470

59.3.1          Precision Irrigation Market Size……………………. 470

59.3.2          Precision Irrigation Market Dynamics…………….. 471

59.3.3          Precision Irrigation Market Share………………….. 471

60      Reforestation Market – 2022-2030………………………….. 472

60.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 472

60.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 472

60.1.2          Reforestation Management…………………………. 476

60.1.3          Reforestation for Climate Change Mitigation……. 477

60.1.4          Reforestation Strategies……………………………… 477

60.1.5          Empress Trees…………………………………………. 478

60.1.6          Finanancing Deforestation…………………………… 479

60.1.7          Megacities Forestation……………………………….. 479

60.1.8          Example: China Reforestation……………………… 480

60.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 480

60.3     USA Reforestation Market – 2020-2030………………. 482

60.3.1          Reforestation Market Size…………………………… 482

60.3.2          Reforestation Market Dynamics……………………. 483

60.3.3          Reforestation Market Share…………………………. 483

61      Regenerative Agriculture Market – 2022-2030………….. 484

61.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 484

61.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 484

61.2     USA Regenerative Agriculture Market – 2020-2030.. 487

61.2.1          Regenerative Agriculture Market Size……………. 487

61.2.2          Regenerative Agriculture Market Dynamics…….. 488

61.2.3          Regenerative Agriculture Market Share………….. 488

62      Rooftop Solar PV Market – 2022-2030…………………….. 489

62.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 489

62.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 489

62.1.2          Solar Rooftop Technology…………………………… 490

62.1.3          Solar Rooftop System Economics……………….. 491

62.1.4          Adoption Of Rooftop PV……………………………. 491

62.2     USA Rooftop Solar PV Market – 2020-2030…………. 491

62.2.1          Rooftop Solar PV Market Size……………………… 491

62.2.2          Rooftop Solar PV Market Dynamics………………. 492

62.2.3          Rooftop Solar PV Market Share……………………. 492

63      Small Nuclear Reactors Market – 2022-2030……………. 493

63.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 493

63.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 493

63.1.2          Advantages of SMRs…………………………………. 494

63.1.3          SMR Challenges……………………………………….. 495

63.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 495

63.3     USA Small Nuclear Reactors Market – 2020-2030…. 496

63.3.1          Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size……………… 496

63.3.2          Small Nuclear Reactors Market Dynamics………. 496

63.3.3          Small Nuclear Reactors Market Share……………. 497

64      Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market – 2022-2030……………… 498

64.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 498

64.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 498

64.1.2          Market Outlook…………………………………………. 502

64.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 503

64.3     USA Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market – 2020-2030….. 504

64.3.1          Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size………………. 504

64.3.2          Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Dynamics……….. 505

64.3.3          Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Share…………….. 505

65      Thermal Energy Storage Market – 2022-2030…………… 506

65.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 506

65.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 506

65.1.2          Thermal Energy Storage  Advantages……………. 509

65.1.3          Molten Salt Storage Technology…………………… 510

65.1.4          Key Vendors……………………………………………. 510

65.2     USA Thermal Energy Storage Market – 2020-2030… 511

65.2.1          Thermal Energy Storage Market Size…………….. 511

65.2.2          Thermal Energy Storage Market Dynamics…….. 511

65.2.3          Thermal Energy Storage Market Share………….. 512

66      Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market – 2022-2030………. 513

66.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 513

66.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 513

66.2     USA Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market – 2020-2030                                                                               514

66.2.1          Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size……….. 514

66.2.2          Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Dynamics… 515

66.2.3          Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Share……… 515

67      Waste to Energy Plants Market – 2022-2030…………….. 516

67.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 516

67.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 516

67.1.2          Facts & Figures………………………………………… 517

67.1.3          Waste to Energy Economy………………………….. 518

67.2     USA Waste to Energy Plants Market – 2020-2030…. 519

67.2.1          Waste to Energy Plants Market Size……………… 519

67.2.2          Waste to Energy Plants Market Dynamics………. 519

67.2.3          Waste to Energy Plants Market Share……………. 520

68      Water Redeemable (Water Reclamation) Systems Market – 2022-2030………………………………………………………… 521

68.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 521

68.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 521

68.1.2          Sewage Treatment Plants…………………………… 524

68.1.3          Example: Water Reclamation in  China………….. 525

68.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 526

68.3     USA Water Redeemable Systems Market – 2020-2030                                                                               527

68.3.1          Water Redeemable Systems Market Size……….. 527

68.3.2          Water Redeemable Systems Market Dynamics.. 527

68.3.3          Water Redeemable Systems Market Share…….. 528

69      Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………… 529

69.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 529

69.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 529

69.1.2          AI and Machine Learning To Predict Weather Events……………………………………………………. 530

69.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 532

69.3     USA Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market – 2020-2030………………………………………… 532

69.3.1          Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size……………………………………………………….. 532

69.3.2          Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Dynamics………………………………………………… 533

69.3.3          Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Share……………………………………………………… 533

70      Wildfire Mitigation Market – 2022-2030……………………. 534

70.1     CEO Takeaway……………………………………………… 534

70.1.1          Summary………………………………………………… 534

70.1.2          Carbon Emissions…………………………………….. 535

70.2     Key Vendors………………………………………………….. 536

70.3     USA Wildfire Mitigation Market – 2020-2030…………. 537

70.3.1          Wildfire Mitigation Market Size……………………… 537

70.3.2          Wildfire Mitigation Market Dynamics………………. 537

70.3.3          Wildfire Mitigation Market Share…………………… 537

MARKET BY SECTOR…………………………………………………. 538

71      The U.S. Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector – 2022-2030………………………………………….. 538

71.1     Sectors’ Structure…………………………………………… 538

71.2     Market Size…………………………………………………… 540

71.3     Market Share…………………………………………………. 543

REVENUE SOURCE MARKETS…………………………………….. 544

72      USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………………………………………… 544

72.1     USA Market – 2020-2030…………………………………. 544

72.2     USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Dynamics – 2020-2030…………………………………………………….. 545

72.3     USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Share – 2020-2030……………………………………………………………. 546

APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….. 554

73      Appendix A: Glossary………………………………………….. 554

74      Appendix B: Abbreviations…………………………………… 572

75      Research Methodology………………………………………… 577

75.1     Report Structure…………………………………………….. 577

75.2     Methodology………………………………………………….. 577

75.3     For Whom is this Report?…………………………………. 578

76      Disclaimer and Copyright……………………………………… 579

 

Table 1 – Electricity Production by Country – 2020……………………….. 51

Table 2 – Energy & Electricity and Per Capita Consumption by Country / Region……………………………………………………………… 52

Table 3 – Renewable vs. Fossil Fuels Heating Efficiency Cost [$ Cent / KWh] – 2020 & 2030 F…………………………………………. 60

Table 4 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Technology [$B] – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………. 65

Table 5 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Sector [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………… 67

Table 6 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Revenue [$B] – 2020-2030…………………………………………………………. 68

Table 7 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Region [$B] – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………. 68

Table 8 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Country [$B] – 2020-2030…………………………………………………………. 70

Table 9 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Technology Products & Services [$B] Markets – 2022-2030………………………… 93

Table 10 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Annual Growth Rates [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 94

Table 11 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Products & Services Markets Shares [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 96

Table 12 – USA Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  107

Table 13 – USA Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 107

Table 14 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………. 107

Table 15 – USA Big Data & AI Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……….. 112

Table 16 – USA Big Data & AI Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030…. 113

Table 17 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Big Data & AI Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 113

Table 18 – Energy Production from Solid Biofuels and Renewable Waste (MW) by Ten Leading Countries………………….. 116

Table 19 – USA Bioenergy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………. 129

Table 20 – USA Bioenergy Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……… 129

Table 21 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Bioenergy Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 129

Table 22 – USA Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 134

Table 23 – USA Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 135

Table 24 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Share [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  135

Table 25 – USA Bioremediation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……… 145

Table 26 – USA Bioremediation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030.. 145

Table 27 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Bioremediation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 145

Table 28 – USA Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 151

Table 29 – USA Carbon Capture & Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 151

Table 30 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Carbon Capture & Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 152

Table 31 – USA Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 160

Table 32 – USA Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 160

Table 33 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………… 160

Table 34 – USA Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 168

Table 35 – USA Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 168

Table 36 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 168

Table 37 – USA Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 186

Table 38 – USA Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 186

Table 39 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Share [%] – 2022-2030….. 187

Table 40 – USA Compressed-Air Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  192

Table 41 – USA Compressed-Air Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 193

Table 42 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Compressed-Air Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 193

Table 43 – USA Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 198

Table 44 – USA Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………. 199

Table 45 – USA Warming Mitigation Market, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 199

Table 46 – USA Cybersecurity Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……….. 204

Table 47 – USA Cybersecurity Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030…. 204

Table 48 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Cybersecurity Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 204

Table 49 – USA Desalination Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 215

Table 50 – USA Desalination Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  216

Table 51 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Desalination Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 216

Table 52 – Cost (Euro/MWh) of Domestic Heating in France………… 220

Table 53 – Cost (Euro/MW) of District Heating in France……………… 221

Table 54 – USA Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 221

Table 55 – USA Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 222

Table 56 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…….. 222

Table 57 – USA Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 227

Table 58 – USA Direct Solar Water Heating Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 228

Table 59 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Direct Solar Water Heating Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………… 228

Table 60 – USA Electric Buses Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 234

Table 61 – USA Electric Buses Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030… 234

Table 62 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Electric Buses Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 234

Table 63 – USA Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 241

Table 64 – USA Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………… 241

Table 65 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 242

Table 66 – USA Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 247

Table 67 – USA Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 248

Table 68 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 248

Table 69 – USA EV Charging Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  257

Table 70 – USA EV Charging Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 258

Table 71 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, EV Charging Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 258

Table 72 – USA Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 267

Table 73 – USA Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 268

Table 74 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  268

Table 75 – USA Floods Control Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 274

Table 76 – USA Floods Control Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030… 275

Table 77 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Floods Control Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 275

Table 78 – USA Freight BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………… 278

Table 79 – USA Freight BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030….. 279

Table 80 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Freight BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 279

Table 81 – USA GHG Emission Tracking Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  286

Table 82 – USA GHG Emission Tracking Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 287

Table 83 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, GHG Emission Tracking Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 287

Table 84 – USA Geothermal Power Generation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 295

Table 85 – USA Geothermal Power Generation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 295

Table 86 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Geothermal Power Generation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………… 296

Table 87 – USA Green Cement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 303

Table 88 – USA Green Cement Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030… 303

Table 89 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Green Cement Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 304

Table 90 – Color Codes by Hydrogen Manufacturing Process……….. 307

Table 91 – Comparative Table for Fossil Derived Hydrogen Production Pathways………………………………………………………… 309

Table 92 – USA Green Hydrogen Production Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 313

Table 93 – USA Green Hydrogen Production Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 313

Table 94 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Green Hydrogen Production Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 313

Table 95 – USA Green Steel Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………….. 317

Table 96 – USA Green Steel Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……. 318

Table 97 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Green Steel Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 318

Table 98 – USA Grid Modernization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 326

Table 99 – USA Grid Modernization Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  327

Table 100 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Grid Modernization Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 327

Table 101 – USA Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 334

Table 102 – USA Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 335

Table 103 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 335

Table 104 – USA Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 341

Table 105 – USA Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 342

Table 106 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………… 342

Table 107 – USA Hydroelectric Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 348

Table 108 – USA Hydroelectric Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 348

Table 109 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Hydroelectric Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 349

Table 110 – USA Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 358

Table 111 – USA Hydrogen Vehicles Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  359

Table 112 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Vehicles Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 359

Table 113 – Electrolyzer Technologies Comparison……………………. 360

Table 114 – Hydrogen Color Codes of Hydrogen Manufacturing……. 363

Table 115 – Types of Electrolysers………………………………………….. 364

Table 116 – USA Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  365

Table 117 – USA Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 365

Table 118 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………. 366

Table 119 – USA Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 371

Table 120 – USA Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 371

Table 121 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………… 372

Table 122 – USA ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 375

Table 123 – USA ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 376

Table 124 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………… 376

Table 125 – Cost Assumptions Under 2 Innovation Scenarios……….. 378

Table 126 – USA Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 383

Table 127 – USA Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 384

Table 128 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…. 384

Table 129 – USA Marine Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……… 390

Table 130 – USA Marine Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030.. 390

Table 131 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Marine Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 391

Table 132 – USA Methane Abatement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 400

Table 133 – USA Methane Abatement Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 401

Table 134 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Methane Abatement Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 401

Table 135 – USA Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 405

Table 136 – USA Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 405

Table 137 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………. 406

Table 138 – USA Offshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  415

Table 139– USA Offshore Wind Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 416

Table 140 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Offshore Wind Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 416

Table 141 – USA Onshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  421

Table 142 – USA Onshore Wind Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 421

Table 143 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Onshore Wind Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 422

Table 144 – USA Other BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………… 431

Table 145 – USA Other BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030….. 432

Table 146 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Other BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 432

Table 147 – USA Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 433

Table 148 – USA Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………. 433

Table 149 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……. 434

Table 150 –Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 435

Table 151 – USA Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 436

Table 152 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Market Share [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  436

Table 153 – USA Other Renewable Energy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 437

Table 154 – USA Other Renewable Energy Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 437

Table 155 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Other Renewable Energy Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………… 438

Table 156 – USA Passenger BEV Cars Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  450

Table 157 – USA Passenger BEV Cars Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 451

Table 158 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Passenger BEV Cars Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………………. 451

Table 159 – USA Passive Green Buildings Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 457

Table 160 – USA Passive Green Buildings Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 457

Table 161 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Passive Green Buildings Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………… 457

Table 162 – USA Precision Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  465

Table 163 – USA Precision Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 465

Table 164 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Precision Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 466

Table 165 – USA Precision Irrigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 470

Table 166 – USA Precision Irrigation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  471

Table 167 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Precision Irrigation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 471

Table 168 – USA Reforestation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 482

Table 169 – USA Reforestation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030… 483

Table 170 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Reforestation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 483

Table 171 – USA Regenerative Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 487

Table 172 – USA Regenerative Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 488

Table 173 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Regenerative Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 488

Table 174 – USA Rooftop Solar PV Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…. 491

Table 175 – USA Rooftop Solar PV Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  492

Table 176 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Rooftop Solar PV Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 492

Table 177 – USA Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  496

Table 178 – USA Small Nuclear Reactors Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 496

Table 179 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Small Nuclear Reactors Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 497

Table 180 – USA Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  504

Table 181 – USA Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 505

Table 182 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 505

Table 183 – USA Thermal Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 511

Table 184 – USA Thermal Energy Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 511

Table 185 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Thermal Energy Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 512

Table 186 – USA Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 514

Table 187 – USA Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 515

Table 188 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………. 515

Table 189 – USA Waste to Energy Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  519

Table 190 – USA Waste to Energy Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 519

Table 191 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Waste to Energy Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 520

Table 192 – USA Water Redeemable Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 527

Table 193 – USA Water Redeemable Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 527

Table 194 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Water Redeemable Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 528

Table 195 – USA Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 532

Table 196 – USA Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 533

Table 197 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 533

Table 198 – USA Wildfire Mitigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 537

Table 199 – USA Wildfire Mitigation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030                                                                                  537

Table 200 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market, Wildfire Mitigation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 537

Table 201 – Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………. 540

Table 202 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Size [$M] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………………………… 544

Table 203 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market AGRs [%] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………………………… 545

Figure 1 – COP26 Pledges & Targets Based GHG Emission [GTn] Forecast to 2030………………………………………………… 48

Figure 2 – USA Warming 2010-2020 by GHG Source……………………. 49

Figure 3 – Renewable Energy Generation By Technology & By User.. 51

Figure 4 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions [%] by Sector……………………. 52

Figure 5 – Climate Change Causes and Effects…………………………… 53

Figure 6- USA Energy demand (left) & GHS Emission (Right) By Sector – 2020……………………………………………………………… 54

Figure 7 – GHG Emission per GWh of Energy Production – 2020…….. 55

Figure 8 – Average USA Levelized cost [$/MWh] of Electricity By Energy Technology – 2020……………………………………. 55

Figure 9 – Renewable Electricity Generation by Technology and Region                                                                                    56

Figure 10 – USA Electricity Consumption by Energy Source – 1985-2020………………………………………………………………… 56

Figure 11 – Levelized Cost [$/MWh] of Energy, by Source – 2008-2020                                                                                    56

Figure 12 – Renewable, Nuclear & Fossil Energy Prices [$/MWh] & Installed Capacity – 2010-2019……………………………… 57

Figure 13 – USA Warming vs. Number of Climate-Related Disasters – 1970-2032…………………………………………………………. 59

Figure 14 – Energy Storage: Duration Time and Rated Power by Modality……………………………………………………………. 59

Figure 15 – Renewable Generation Capacity By Region………………… 60

Figure 16 – Leading Renewable Energy Capacity [GW] by Country – 2020………………………………………………………………… 60

Figure 17 – Negative Emissions Role in Achieving NetZero……………. 61

Figure 18 – USA GHG Emission Reduction [%] by Technology – 2030 66

Figure 19 – USA Electricity Generation [000 TWh] by Source – 2010- 2040………………………………………………………………… 67

Figure 20 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market by Region [$B] – 2022-2030…………………………………………………………. 76

Figure 21 – Air Source Heat Pump: Winter & Summer Operation…… 105

Figure 22 – Air Source Heat Pump, Heating Cycle……………………… 106

Figure 23 – Air to Air Heat Pump…………………………………………….. 107

Figure 24 – Air to Water Heat Pump………………………………………… 108

Figure 25 – Performance Standards For residential AC and Heat Pumps                                                                                  113

Figure 26 – USA Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 114

Figure 27 – Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning………… 115

Figure 28 – Types of Big Data Analytics…………………………………… 116

Figure 29 – Data Mining Process…………………………………………….. 117

Figure 30 – USA Big Data & AI Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 119

Figure 31 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  122

Figure 32 – Bioenergy Thermo-Chemical Process………………………. 126

Figure 33 – Bioenergy Bio-Chemical Process…………………………….. 127

Figure 34 – USA Bioenergy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…………… 136

Figure 35 – Bioenergy with Carbon Capture & Sequestration………… 137

Figure 36 – Microalgae Based Biological Carbon Capture……………. 137

Figure 37- Marine Bacteria Carbon Sequestration……………………… 138

Figure 38 – Microalgae Carbon Biological Capture & Utilization Footprint                                                                                  139

Figure 39 – USA Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 142

Figure 40 – Bioremediation Strategies……………………………………… 143

Figure 41 – Operation of Bio Slurping………………………………………. 144

Figure 42 – Permeable Reactive Barriers………………………………….. 145

Figure 43 – Bioventing System……………………………………………….. 145

Figure 44 – Typical Biosparging System…………………………………… 146

Figure 45 – USA Bioremediation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…….. 152

Figure 46 – The CCS Process………………………………………………… 153

Figure 47 – Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain………………… 153

Figure 48 – USA Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 158

Figure 49 – CCU Applications Roadmap…………………………………… 160

Figure 50 – Carbon Capture & Utilization and Removal Cycle………. 161

Figure 51 – Carbon Capture & Utilization Removal Pathways……….. 161

Figure 52 – CCU Potential and Cost Of Various Sub-Pathways Outlook – 2050………………………………………………………………. 163

Figure 53 – USA Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 167

Figure 54 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture ……………. 168

Figure 55 – Agriculture GHG Emissions……………………………………. 169

Figure 56 – The EU 2030 Targets for Substantial Food Production…. 170

Figure 57 – The Main Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources, Removals and Processes In Managed Ecosystems………………… 171

Figure 58 – USA Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 175

Figure 59 – USA Water Stress Map…………………………………………. 177

Figure 60 – USA Water Extraction and Consumption by End User– 1900-2025……………………………………………………….. 179

Figure 61 – Water Supply Adaptation Strategy…………………………… 180

Figure 62 – Potential Drought Adaptation Measures……………………. 182

Figure 63 –USA Urban Population Facing Water Scarcity 2019-2050 183

Figure 64 – Climate Change Impact on Water Supply………………….. 184

Figure 65 – Adapting Water Management to Climate Change……….. 185

Figure 66 – Metrices for Decision Making  ………………………………… 186

Figure 67 – USA Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 193

Figure 68 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 196

Figure 69 – Compressed-Air Energy Storage System………………….. 197

Figure 70 – A Small Scale Compressed Air Storage System…………. 197

Figure 71 – USA Compressed-Air Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 199

Figure 72 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Concentrating Solar Power vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 201

Figure 73 – Concentrating Solar Power System Layout and Costs…. 202

Figure 74 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  203

Figure 75 – USA Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 205

Figure 76 – Electricity Distribution Infrastructure…………………………. 207

Figure 77 – Power Grids Cybersecurity Infrastructure………………….. 208

Figure 78 – USA Cybersecurity Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 211

Figure 79 – Desalination Capacity By [%] by Region – 2020………….. 213

Figure 80 – Reverse Osmosis Process…………………………………….. 214

Figure 81 – Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process……………………. 215

Figure 82 – USA Desalination Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 222

Figure 83 – Applications of Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy… 225

Figure 84 – Closed (Left) & Open (Right) loop Geothermal Heat Pumps                                                                                  226

Figure 85 – EU Areas Suitable for Geothermal Networks & Actual Geothermal Installed Capacity……………………………… 227

Figure 86 – USA Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 228

Figure 87 – Residential Direct Solar Water Heating System………….. 230

Figure 88 – Total Installed Solar Heating Area by Region – 2020……. 231

Figure 89 – Direct Solar Water Heating System Elements…………….. 231

Figure 90 – Direct Solar Heating Capacity [KW/1000 citizens] in 10 Leading Countries – 2020……………………………………. 232

Figure 91 – USA Solar Thermal Capacity [TWh] and Energy [TWh] – 2000-2022……………………………………………………….. 233

Figure 92 – Distribution of Solar Thermal Systems for Newly Installed Water Collector by Region – 2020…………………………. 233

Figure 93 – USA Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 234

Figure 94 – E-Bus Charging Technologies………………………………… 236

Figure 95 – Enabling E-Bus Adoption Factors……………………………. 239

Figure 96 – USA Electric Buses Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……… 241

Figure 97 – Performance Standards For residential AC and Heat Pumps                                                                                  244

Figure 98 – Thermoelectric Effect……………………………………………. 245

Figure 99 – Magtor Linear Motor Oscillator Drive………………………… 247

Figure 100 – USA Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………… 248

Figure 101 – Energy Consumption By End-Use (Excludes Transport, Energy Losses in Production or Transmission And Non-Motive Power Industrial Energy Uses)……………………. 252

Figure 102 – USA Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 254

Figure 103 – Electric Passengers vs. Plug in Chargers………………… 257

Figure 104 – Charging Times to Provide 100 km of Passenger EV Vehicle Driving…………………………………………………. 258

Figure 105 – US Passengers EV Charging Infrastructure – 2015-2040                                                                                  259

Figure 106 – USA EV Charging Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  264

Figure 107 – Sweden Public Alarm Infrastructure Evolution………….. 266

Figure 108 – The UN Risk Based Public Warning Evolution -1960-2020                                                                                  267

Figure 109 – Public Warning System Architecture………………………. 268

Figure 110 – The Israeli Public (Location Based) Alarm System Poster                                                                                  269

Figure 111 – Mobile Alarm System………………………………………….. 271

Figure 112 – Cell Broadcast…………………………………………………… 272

Figure 113 – Geo Fenced Alarm System………………………………….. 273

Figure 114 – Fixed WIFI Alarm System…………………………………….. 274

Figure 115 – USA Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 274

Figure 116 – An Integrated Flood Protection……………………………… 276

Figure 117 – Storm Surge Flooding…………………………………………. 277

Figure 118 – Provisional Flood Barriers……………………………………. 278

Figure 119 – Tidal Flood Barrier……………………………………………… 279

Figure 120 – USA Floods Control Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……. 281

Figure 121 – USA Freight BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……… 285

Figure 122 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions [%] By Sector……………… 287

Figure 123 – GHG Emission Tracking Technologies……………………. 288

Figure 124 – CO2 Emissions [GTn] by Geography – 1960-2020…….. 290

Figure 125 – MethaneSAT Performance………………………………….. 292

Figure 126 – Methane Surveillance Technologies. Frequency-Range vs. Resolution……………………………………………………….. 292

Figure 127 – USA GHG Emission Tracking Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 293

Figure 128 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Geothermal vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 295

Figure 129 – Geothermal Electricity Generation Technologies……. 296

Figure 130 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  296

Figure 131 – Enhanced Geothermal Systems……………………………. 297

Figure 132 – Geothermal Power Generation……………………………… 298

Figure 133 – Map of 64 EGS Projects Around the World – 2020…….. 300

Figure 134 – USA Geothermal Power Generation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 302

Figure 135 – Cement Manufacturing Energy Use and GHG Emissions                                                                                  304

Figure 136 – Cement Production Outlook by Region – 2020-2050….. 305

Figure 137 – Decarbonization Actions to Net-Zero Cement & Concrete Industry…………………………………………………………… 306

Figure 138 – Cement Demand Forecast per Region – 2020-2060…… 307

Figure 139 – Low Carbon Levels Across the Lifecycle of Cement…… 309

Figure 140 – USA Green Cement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……. 310

Figure 141 – Hydrogen Consumption [M. Ton/Annum] by Country – 2020                                                                                  312

Figure 142 – Green Hydrogen Value Chain………………………………. 313

Figure 143 – Future “Hydrogen Economy” Infrastructure………………. 318

Figure 144 – USA Green Hydrogen Production Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 320

Figure 145 – Green Steel Production Using CCS & CCU……………… 321

Figure 146 – Crude Steel Production Market Share [%] by country 2020                                                                                  321

Figure 147 – Green Steel Manufacturing Process……………………….. 322

Figure 148 – Means and Methods to Reduce Carbon in the Steel Industry…………………………………………………………… 323

Figure 149 – USA Green Steel Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……….. 324

Figure 150 – Diagram of a Conventional Electric Power System…….. 326

Figure 151 – Modern Grid Architecture ……………………………………. 327

Figure 152 – Climate Change Effects on the Electricity Grid………….. 328

Figure 153 – Smart Grid Architecture……………………………………….. 329

Figure 154 -Smart Grid Priorities……………………………………………. 332

Figure 155 – USA Grid Modernization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 333

Figure 156 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 335

Figure 157 – Grid Battery Storage Infrastructure………………………… 336

Figure 158 – Next Generation Battery Storage Goals………………….. 337

Figure 159 – Grid-Scale Battery Storage System……………………….. 337

Figure 160 – USA Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 342

Figure 161 – Pumped Storage Hydropower Site…………………………. 343

Figure 162 – Pumped Hydro Energy Storage, Power Rating and Discharge Times Vs. Other Energy Storage Technologies                                                                                  344

Figure 163 – Pumped Hydro Energy Storage System Layout………… 345

Figure 164 – USA Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 348

Figure 165 – Hydropower Installed Capacity by Country………………. 350

Figure 166 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Hydropower vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 351

Figure 167 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  351

Figure 168 – Hydropower Generation [TW h] by Region -1965-2020. 352

Figure 169- A Hydropower Plant…………………………………………….. 354

Figure 170 – USA Hydroelectric Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  355

Figure 171 – Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicle Elements……………………. 357

Figure 172 – Hydrogen Pickup Truck……………………………………….. 357

Figure 173 – Hydrogen Truck Layout……………………………………….. 358

Figure 174 – Toyota Hydrogen Truck……………………………………….. 358

Figure 175 – EV Truck vs. Hydrogen Long Haul Truck Performance Outlook 2025 & 2030…………………………………………. 359

Figure 176 – Yamaha Motor Hydrogen Engine Prototype – 2021……. 360

Figure 177 – Yamaha Hydrogen Engine…………………………………… 361

Figure 178 – Total Cost of Ownership of SUVs in the US, 2030…….. 363

Figure 179 – USA Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 365

Figure 180 – Hydrogen Electrolyzer Electro-Chemistry………………… 368

Figure 181 – Description of Several Electrolysers Source: K. Malladi Et.Al…………………………………………………….. 368

Figure 182 – Electrolyzer Manufacturing [GW] Capacity 2021-2024… 370

Figure 183 – Future Hydrogen Economy Infrastructure………………… 371

Figure 184 – USA Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  372

Figure 185 – Honda Home Filling Station………………………………….. 374

Figure 186 -Transport Fuel Hydrogen Production Routes…………….. 375

Figure 187 – Hydrogen Fueling System Architecture…………………… 376

Figure 188 – Hydrogen Fueling Station…………………………………….. 376

Figure 189 – Hydrogen Fueling HySTAT…………………………………… 377

Figure 190 – USA Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 378

Figure 191 – USA ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 382

Figure 192 – Distribution of Synthetic Fuels and Advanced Biofuels Costs……………………………………………………………… 384

Figure 193 – Impact of Innovation on the Energy System……………… 387

Figure 194 – Simplified Value Chain for Low Carbon Fuels…………… 388

Figure 195 – GVA and Jobs in the Low Carbon Fuels Industry to 2050                                                                                  389

Figure 196 – USA Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 390

Figure 197 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  392

Figure 198 – Ocean thermal energy Conversion System (Right) and Oscillating Water Column System (Left)…………………. 393

Figure 199 – Wave Power System………………………………………….. 396

Figure 200 – USA Marine Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…….. 397

Figure 201 – Ultra Emitting Methane Events 2019-2020………………. 399

Figure 202 – Methane Emission Sources (Left) & 1990-2050 Emissions (Right)…………………………………………………………….. 400

Figure 203 – 2020-2030 Human Caused Methane Emissions and Identified Mitigation Potential by Sectors………………… 401

Figure 204 – Emissions Abatement and Negative Emissions Infrastructure……………………………………………………. 404

Figure 205 – USA GHG Abatement Cost Beyond BAU- 2030………… 405

Figure 206 – USA Methane Abatement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  407

Figure 207 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Nuclear Energy Plants vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 409

Figure 208 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  410

Figure 209 – USA Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 412

Figure 210 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Offshore Wind vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 414

Figure 211 – Wind Turbine Power and Size 1985-2030……………….. 415

Figure 212 – USA LCOEs from Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  415

Figure 213 – U.S. DOE Offshore Wind Energy 2030 Goals…………… 418

Figure 214- USA Installed Base Power [MW] of Offshore Wind Power to 2020………………………………………………………………. 418

Figure 215 – Annual 2001-2021 Additional Offshore Wind Installed Capacity [GW] China vs. the Rest of World……………… 419

Figure 216 – USA Offshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  423

Figure 217 – Onshore Wind Turbines LCOE, Size, Capacity & Impacts – 2030………………………………………………………………. 424

Figure 218 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Onshore Wind Power vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 425

Figure 219 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  425

Figure 220 – USA Onshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  428

Figure 221 – BNSF Battery-Electric Locomotive…………………………. 430

Figure 222 – Airbus’ E-Fan Electric Plane…………………………………. 433

Figure 223 – A Cut Away View of the HE HMMWV……………………… 434

Figure 224 – A cut-away view of the HEMITT…………………………….. 435

Figure 225 – USA Other BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……….. 438

Figure 226 – USA Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 440

Figure 227 – Other USA Climate Change Mitigation Markets Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 442

Figure 228 – USA Other Renewable Energy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 444

Figure 229 – USA Passenger Cars Sales [Million/ Annum] by Technology – 2018-2035…………………………………….. 446

Figure 230 – 100% Phase Out of ICE Countries…………………………. 448

Figure 231 – EVs vs. Renewables vs. Electrification Timeline – 2020-2050………………………………………………………………. 449

Figure 232 – EPA Rang [Mile] for 2020-Model Battery Passenger EV 451

Figure 233 – US Passengers BEV & Plug-in Sales [Units] – 2015-2025                                                                                  452

Figure 234 – Electric Cars vs. ICE Car Materials by % of the Total Weight …………………………………………………………… 454

Figure 235 – USA Passenger BEV Cars Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  457

Figure 236 – Passive House Design………………………………………… 459

Figure 237 – GHG Abatement for The Building Sector…………………. 463

Figure 238 – USA Passive Green Buildings Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 464

Figure 239 – Components of a Precision Agriculture System………… 465

Figure 240 – Precision Agriculture Technologies……………………….. 466

Figure 241 – Precision Agriculture Stakeholders………………………… 467

Figure 242 – USA Precision Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  472

Figure 243 – Precision Irrigation System…………………………………… 474

Figure 244 – USA Precision Irrigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030. 477

Figure 245 – Annual Loss of Forest Cover – 2000-2020………………. 480

Figure 246 – Forest Transition Model………………………………………. 481

Figure 247 – USA Reforestation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……… 489

Figure 248 – USA Regenerative Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 494

Figure 249 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Rooftop Solar vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 496

Figure 250 – USA Rooftop Solar PV Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 499

Figure 251 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Small Nuclear Reactors vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 500

Figure 252 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  501

Figure 253 – USA Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 503

Figure 254 – Installed Base of Solar PV by Country…………………….. 505

Figure 255 – USA Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Solar PV vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021………………………………………………………………. 506

Figure 256 – USA LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020                                                                                  507

Figure 257 – Ground Mounted Solar PV System………………………… 508

Figure 258 -The DOE Solar PV Deployment [GW] Outlook 2020-2050                                                                                  509

Figure 259 – USA Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030                                                                                  511

Figure 260 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times Of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 513

Figure 261 – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System Layout………… 514

Figure 262 – Residential Thermal Energy Storage……………………… 515

Figure 263 – USA Thermal Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 518

Figure 264 – Three E-Wheelers……………………………………………… 520

Figure 265 – USA Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 521

Figure 266 – Waste Management Process………………………………… 523

Figure 267 – UN Projection of the USA Waste [M Ton/Annum] Quantity – 1950-2050…………………………………………………….. 524

Figure 268 – USA Waste to Energy Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 526

Figure 269 – Recycled Water Infrastructure………………………………. 528

Figure 270 – Overview of Integrated Regional Water Management Planning and Climate Change……………………………… 529

Figure 271 – Sewage Treatment Infrastructure Elements……………… 530

Figure 272 – A Sewage Treatment Plant…………………………………… 532

Figure 273 – USA Water Redeemable Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 534

Figure 274 – USA Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 539

Figure 275 – The U.S. Wildfires Facts……………………………………… 542

Figure 276 – USA Wildfire Mitigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 544

Figure 277 – Cumulative 2022-2030 USA Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector [$T]………………………….. 549

Figure 278 – USA Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Share by Sector [%] – 2022-2030…………………………. 550

Figure 279 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Size [$M] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………………………… 552

Figure 280 – USA Climate Change Mitigation Market Share [%] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………………………… 553

 

 

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